Why the New American Pope Has Chosen the Name Leo
When the white smoke cleared and the bells of St. Peter’s Basilica rang out, the world learned not only that the first American pope had been elected, but also that he had chosen the name Pope Leo XIV. The decision quickly ignited speculation and analysis from theologians, historians, and political observers alike. Why “Leo”? What does it signal about the direction this new pontiff might take?
Pope Leo XIV, formerly Cardinal Matthew Thomas of Chicago, later explained in his first public address that the name was chosen to honor Pope Leo XIII, a pontiff known for his intellectual depth, social teachings, and efforts to engage with the modern world during a time of massive social change. But the choice of “Leo” also carries symbolic weight beyond that singular figure, touching on deep roots in Church history and hinting at the new pope’s intended legacy.
Pope Leo XIII, who served from 1878 to 1903, is perhaps best remembered for his encyclical Rerum Novarum, which addressed the rights of workers and the responsibilities of both labor and capital. It laid the groundwork for modern Catholic social teaching, emphasizing justice, human dignity, and care for the poor. By evoking Leo XIII, Pope Leo XIV is signaling a potential revival of that legacy: a focus on social justice, economic equity, and the role of the Church in addressing modern moral and ethical challenges.
However, the name “Leo” goes back even further. Pope Leo I, also known as Leo the Great (reigned 440–461), is revered as a Doctor of the Church and is famous for confronting Attila the Hun, defending the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, and strengthening papal authority during a time of crisis. Choosing a name associated with both strength and compassion could reflect the new pope’s desire to be a bold leader during uncertain times, especially in an era marked by polarization, secularism, and conflict within the Church.
In his speech, Pope Leo XIV said:
“The name Leo represents courage, clarity, and continuity. It speaks to the lion-hearted leadership the Church needs now—leadership that defends the vulnerable, upholds the truth, and builds bridges instead of walls.”
Coming from an American background, Pope Leo XIV may also be attempting to position himself as a bridge between the global South and the developed West, between tradition and modernity, and between faith and culture. America is often seen as a place of innovation and contradiction—deeply religious yet politically divided, materially wealthy yet spiritually restless. His papal name may be an invitation for the Church to engage these contradictions with courage and wisdom.
Ultimately, the choice of “Leo” is both deeply symbolic and politically savvy. It roots the new pope in a tradition of reform, strength, and engagement with the modern world while offering a clear statement of intent: to lead with both heart and conviction. As Pope Leo XIV begins his pontificate, the name he chose will serve not just as a title, but as a roadmap for the mission ahead.
